Dysphemism
释义 Definition
dysphemism(贬称/粗称):指用更粗鲁、负面、带侮辱性或更刺耳的表达来替代一个中性或委婉的说法,用以表达轻蔑、愤怒、嘲讽或强化负面态度。(与 euphemism“委婉语”相对)
发音 Pronunciation
/ˈdɪsfəˌmɪzəm/
例句 Examples
He called the new policy a “cash grab,” a dysphemism that made his criticism unmistakable.
他把新政策称为“捞钱手段”,这种贬称让他的批评态度一目了然。
Using dysphemisms in a debate can rally your supporters, but it often shuts down meaningful dialogue by insulting the other side.
在辩论中使用贬称可能凝聚支持者,但也常因羞辱对方而让有意义的对话难以继续。
词源 Etymology
来自希腊语构词:dys-(“坏的、不良的、困难的”)+ -pheme(与“说话/表达”相关,见于 euphemism)。字面含义可理解为“不好的说法”。该词多用于语言学与修辞学语境,用来讨论语言如何承载态度与立场。
相关词 Related Words
文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works
- Keith Allan & Kate Burridge — Euphemism and Dysphemism: Language Used as Shield and Weapon(专著标题中直接使用该词,讨论委婉语与贬称如何成为“盾与武器”)
- Steven Pinker — The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature(讨论语言、禁忌与表达策略时涉及 dysphemism 等术语)
- Geoffrey Hughes — An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World(在分析咒骂与侮辱性表达的语用功能时常与 dysphemism 相关)