Penalized
释义 Definition
“被处罚的 / 受惩罚的”:指因违反规则、法律或规定而受到不利后果,例如被罚款、扣分、受处分,或在比赛/考试/评估中被判罚。
发音 Pronunciation (IPA)
/ˈpiːnəlaɪzd/
例句 Examples
The team was penalized for a false start.
球队因抢跑被判罚。
Companies may be penalized if they fail to report earnings accurately, which can damage investor trust.
如果公司未能准确披露收益,可能会受到处罚,并损害投资者信任。
词源 Etymology
penalized 来自动词 penalize(处罚、使受罚),由 penal(刑罚的、惩罚性的)+ -ize(使成为、使具有某种性质的动词后缀)构成。penal 进一步源自拉丁语 poena(惩罚、罚金),与英语 penalty(处罚、罚则)同源。
相关词 Related Words
文学与著作 Literary Usage
- The Elements of Statistical Learning(统计学习经典著作中常见 “penalized” 如 “penalized regression/likelihood” 等表达)
- Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning(机器学习教材中常出现 “penalized” 用于正则化/惩罚项语境)
- Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness(公共政策与行为经济学讨论中常用 “penalized” 描述制度性惩罚或不利激励)
- A Theory of Justice(政治哲学语境里常用 “penalized” 描述制度对个人/群体施加的不利后果或惩罚性安排)