extinguished(动词 extinguish 的过去式/过去分词;也常作形容词)
/ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/
The candle was extinguished by the wind.
蜡烛被风吹灭了。
After the scandal, his political career was effectively extinguished.
丑闻之后,他的政治生涯实际上被彻底终结了。
extinguish 来自拉丁语 extinguere,由 ex-(“向外、彻底”)+ 与“刺/点”相关的词根演变而来,原义带有“掐灭、使火光消失”的意思。后来语义扩大,也可用于“使(希望、热情、生命等)消亡”。extinguished 则是其过去式/过去分词形式,表示“已被熄灭/已被终止”。